I did a test to measure the impact of each redstone component.
Relative impact of each component, higher is better:
Repeaters: 100
Comparator: 200
Redstone dust(signal strength 0): 50
Redstone dust(signal strength 15): 11
Pistons: 35
Redstone torch: 12
What I used to measure tps:
/watch/AJUYx06LgWMLY
The music during the fast-forwarded part:
Stellardrone: light years: in time
https://stellardrone.bandcamp.com/album/light-years